FROM THE FINAL CALL NEWSPAPER

The continued unraveling of a great nation
By William P. Muhammad
- July 8, 2024





Supreme Court decision could change America as people know it

In a landmark 6-3 Supreme Court ruling, unprecedented powers of immunity were granted to the executive branch of the U.S. government, on July 1. The court’s decision now enables sitting presidents the authority to govern the United States without fear of prosecution, given that these decisions are executed in an “official capacity.”

The majority decision, made along partisan lines, constitutes the first time in American history the judiciary has empowered the presidency to trump the traditional checks and balances between the three branches of government.

Writing for the majority, Chief Justice John Roberts said of the indictments brought against former President Donald Trump, and the allegations of conspiring to overturn the 2020 presidential election through executive branch activities:
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“We conclude that under our constitutional structure of separated powers, the nature of Presidential power requires that a former President have some immunity from criminal prosecution for official acts during his tenure in office.

President Joe Biden speaks in the Cross Hall of the White House Monday, July 1, 2024, in Washington. (AP Photo/Jacquelyn Martin)

At least with respect to the President’s exercise of his core constitutional powers, this immunity must be absolute. As for his remaining official actions, he is also entitled to immunity.

At the current stage of proceedings in this case, however, we need not and do not decide whether that immunity must be absolute, or instead whether a presumptive immunity is sufficient.”

Adding that there is no immunity offered for a president’s unofficial acts, the Chief Justice noted on page 16 of his 43-page majority opinion that how that is determined remains undefined and has yet to be determined by a court of law, when he also wrote:

“Determining whether a former President is entitled to immunity from a particular prosecution requires applying the principles we have laid out to his conduct at issue. The first step is to distinguish his official from unofficial actions. In this case, however, no court has thus far considered how to draw that distinction, in general or with respect to the conduct alleged in particular.”

Submitting a blistering dissent albeit in the minority, Justice Sonia Sotomayor, joined by Justices Elena Kagan and Katanji Brown Jackson, wrote:

“Today’s decision to grant former Presidents criminal immunity reshapes the institution of the Presidency. It makes a mockery of the principle, foundational to our Constitution and system of Government, that no man is above the law.

Relying on little more than its own misguided wisdom about the need for “bold and unhesitating action” by the President, ante, at 3, 13, the Court gives former President Trump all the immunity he asked for and more. Because our Constitution does not shield a former President from answering for criminal and treasonous acts, I dissent,” Justice Sotomayor said.

On pages 29 and 30 of her dissenting opinion, she continued in part:

“Looking beyond the fate of this particular prosecution, the long-term consequences of today’s decision are stark. The Court effectively creates a law-free zone around the President, upsetting the status quo that has existed since the Founding.

This new official-acts immunity now “lies about like a loaded weapon” for any President that wishes to place his own interests, his own political survival, or his own financial gain, above the interests of the Nation.

“The President of the United States is the most powerful person in the country, and possibly the world. When he uses his official powers in any way, under the majority’s reasoning, he now will be insulated from criminal prosecution. Orders the Navy’s Seal Team 6 to assassinate a political rival? Immune. Organizes coup to hold onto power? Immune. Immune, immune, immune.

“Let the President violate the law, let him exploit the trappings of his office for personal gain, let him use his official power for evil ends. Because if he knew that he may one day face liability for breaking the law, he might not be as bold and fearless as we would like him to be. That is the majority’s message today.

“Even if these nightmare scenarios never play out, and I pray they never do, the damage has been done. The relationship between the President and the people he serves has shifted irrevocably. In every use of official power, the President is now a king above the law,” Justice Sotomayor unabashedly opined.


Supreme Court Justice Sonia Sotomayor attends a panel discussion, Feb. 23, 2024 in Washington. The Supreme Court allowed a president to become a “king above the law,” in the use of official power, Sotomayor said in a biting dissent Monday, July 1, that called the majority opinion on immunity for former President Donald Trump “utterly indefensible.” Joined by the court’s two other liberals, Sotomayor said the opinion would have disastrous consequences for the presidency and the nation’s democracy by creating a “law-free zone around the president.” (AP Photo/Mark Schiefelbein, File)

Unprecedented implications

Eric McDaniel, a professor in the Department of Government at the University of Texas at Austin, told The Final Call that the July 1 Supreme Court decision will have far and wide-ranging consequences and that the court victory handed to former President Trump will have an impact well beyond the upcoming 2024 elections in November.

“One of the concerns that people have had for quite a while now is the growth of the power of the presidency. A lot of that has come from the fact that Congress has not been efficient in getting a lot of things done and this decision does not help,” Prof. McDaniel insisted.

“If Congress were effective and shame mattered, both (Justices) Alito and Clarence Thomas would have stepped down by now, given the controversies they’ve been associated with, but shame is no longer part of this,” Prof. McDaniel said.

“There used to be a set of rules people would follow and they don’t follow those rules anymore. (Officials) often will abuse power and there will be no repercussions,” he noted.

“This has soured more and more people towards American democracy which will probably lead us more and more towards an authoritarian system, and that’s my big fear.”

Political scientist, Dr. Wilmer Leon, a radio talk show host and international media analyst, told The Final Call that the 6-3 Supreme Court decision is a travesty and that it demonstrates the effectiveness of the former Trump administration’s long-term goals when it stacked the courts with those sympathetic to self-serving outcomes.

Gary Roush, of College Park, Md., protests outside the Supreme Court Monday, July 1, 2024, in Washington. (AP Photo/Mariam Zuhaib)

“Justice Roberts says that ‘presidents aren’t above the law, but must be entitled to presumptive immunity, to allow them to forcefully exercise the office’s far-reaching powers and avoid a vicious cycle of politically motivated prosecutions.’ What does that mean?”

Dr. Leon asked. “You’re not above the law, but the presumption is that you are above the law. This is saying, this is a nasty job and you’re going to have to do some things that a lot of people are not going to like,” he said of the possible foreign and domestic policies that could emerge from unchecked presidential powers.

Arguing that the former Obama Administration established a precedent of extra judicial killing, regarding American citizens, in this case including a minor on foreign soil, Dr. Leon suggested a sitting president now has the authority to be judge, jury, and executioner on U.S. soil.

Dr. Leon was referring to the 2010 CIA-conducted drone strike that killed American citizen Anwar al-Awlaki in Yemen whom the U.S. accused of being an “al-Qa’ida, jihadist.” The strike was ordered by then-President Barack Obama.

According to The Intercept, “Two weeks after the killing of Awlaki, a separate CIA drone strike in Yemen killed his 16-year-old American-born son, Abdulrahman, along with the boy’s 17-year-old cousin and several other innocent Yemenis.

The U.S. eventually claimed that the boy was not their target but merely ‘collateral damage,’” The Intercept reported in a January 30, 2017 article written by Glen Greenwald, titled, “Obama Killed a 16-Year-Old American in Yemen. Trump Just Killed His 8-Year-Old Sister.”

“(Justice) Sotomayor is absolutely right, ‘It’s a far greater danger if the president feels empowered to violate federal criminal law buoyed by the knowledge of future immunity,’ so what the court has done is not answer (the) question and that is the danger,” Dr. Leon said.

“It’s unchartered territory, they have created this grey zone (and) they’re erring on the side of danger. Because it’s presumptive immunity, you assume it’s authorized going in,” he warned.

A ‘future shock’ now

Regarding domestic policy, Dr. Raymond A. Winbush, director of the Institute for Urban Research at Morgan State University in Baltimore, told The Final Call that the high court’s decision will have a profound impact upon Black people in America—whether they accept it as reality or not.

“There’s five great decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court and three of them involve Black people, the Dred Scott decision (1857), Plessey v. Ferguson in 1896, and Brown v Board (of Education) in 1954,” Dr. Winbush explained.

“This one is in that category as one of the most potentially racist decisions that the court has ever made, and the reason why is, for Black people, it essentially says the president of the United States is now a king and that a king can do no wrong.”

Revisiting the campaign statements and words of the former president, Dr. Winbush cautioned Black people, in particular, to carefully consider the time, what must be done, and to be aware that thoughtless or reckless actions and behaviors could have very grave consequences following the high court’s ruling.

“If Trump wins this presidency, he said in his first term that perhaps we should bring the U.S. Army or the National Guard into places like Chicago to stop crime,” Dr. Winbush said.

“Well, now you could say we’re going to move the U.S. Army into Black neighborhoods experiencing crime throughout the United States. He could literally declare martial law over crime.

He could do anything, and like Sotomayor said in her dissent, you could literally send SEAL Team Six to assassinate your political opponent and he’s immune,” Dr. Winbush said of how factions have been desirous of “retaking the country” as highlighted in the 900-page “Project 2025” agenda currently promoted by the Heritage Foundation.

People protest outside the Supreme Court Monday, July 1, 2024, in Washington. (AP Photo/Mariam Zuhaib)

Likening the immediate aftermath of the July 1 decision and the political environment facing the United States to the international dangers facing the world on the eve of World War II, Dr. Winbush described how the danger of fascism is now rising in the United States where the masses of the people, regardless of color, have been driven to distraction through a “dumbing down” of the citizenry.

“Right now, the state, not just in this country, but globally, is trying to get people to think less so we have all of these distractions that are turning us away from our own thoughts,” Dr. Winbush insisted.

“We are being programmed at this time to be distracted; to not read; to not even think; they’re doing the thinking for us, like the quotation from (Agent) Smith in The Matrix. The Constitution is going out the window,” he said.

A final mercy for the oppressed and the oppressor

Houston-based Southwest Regional Student Minister Dr. Abdul Haleem Muhammad, of the Nation of Islam’s Mosque No. 45, under the leadership of the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan, told The Final Call that the Supreme Court has undermined the system of checks and balances that the framers of the Constitution established at the very founding of the republic, and as such, it has sped up the pace of the unraveling of a great nation that Minister Farrakhan has warned of.

“What the Roberts Court has done has empowered the chief executive to commit criminal acts under the color of official acts and thereby aid, assist, and abet the unraveling of a great nation called the United States of America,” Student Minister Muhammad said of what will hasten the fall of America as a powerful and independent nation as taught by the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad and Minister Farrakhan.

Referring to the Flag of Islam that was given to the Honorable Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam by its Founder, Allah (God) in the Person of the Great Mahdi Master W. Fard Muhammad, Student Minister Muhammad explained how it (Flag of Islam) represents that the Believer is made “free, justified, and equal” to all mankind and that separation unfolds spiritually, mentally, and then physically.

“For us to discuss separation is to assert our divine rights, our natural rights as humans made in the image and likeness of God,” Student Minister Muhammad asserted. “This is the same thing the founding fathers of this country did and the same thing that the founding fathers of the Republic of Texas did.

In both cases, they decided that their contemporary systems of government failed them and did not serve their inalienable rights,” he said.

“Soon and very soon, our people will come to realize that this current form of government is not serving or protecting them and they will be forced by circumstances to accept or reject separation as the best and only answer as outlined by the Honorable Elijah Muhammad.”

The Final Call encourages readers to view and study once again, the 2020 Saviours’ Day message: “The Unraveling of a Great Nation,” by Minister Farrakhan by visiting media.noi.org.






From The Final Call Newspaper

Israel had forewarning about the October 7 attacks

By Brian E. Muhammad, Staff Writer
- June 25, 2024





“And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.”—John, 8:32

The Zionist State of Israel is in political flux navigating war and growing domestic scrutiny about an unclear war strategy and endgame to its nearly nine-month-old war in Gaza.

Meanwhile, lingering questions still plague Israel about the security breach that bump-started the war in the first place, when Hamas led an unprecedented incursion on illegal Israeli settlements or kibbutzim on October 7, 2023.

According to a June 15 report from Israeli public broadcaster Kan-11 citing a document titled, “Detailed End-to-End Raid Training,” released on Sept. 19, 2023, leaders in the Israeli Intelligence and the Defense Forces (IDF) had foreknowledge that Hamas was preparing for the elaborate move.
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But they dismissed the notion as verbal bluster by the Palestinians who they deemed incapable of penetrating Israel’s high-tech border wall. But on Oct. 7, the impenetrable was penetrated. There has been controversy ever since, whether the breach of the most fortified border worldwide was really an intelligence failure or something more sinister.
Israel Palestinians Daily Photo

During a February 25 address titled ‘What Does Allah, The Great Mahdi and The Great Messiah Have To Say About The War In The Middle East?’ the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan, National Representative of the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam, attributed the breach to an intentional plan involving Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s having foreknowledge about it.

“Here is what happened in Palestine. They chose October the 7th, the birth day of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad,” said Minister Farrakhan, referring to his teacher. For decades both men have shared Divine guidance and warning to the nations and leaders of the world concerning the events of the time.

“A real fight went on. That was not fake! That action was real. And I’m looking back at the face of Netanyahu; and I am not sure that even though they were sure of the outcome, they never thought they would suffer what they suffered,” said Minister Farrakhan.

Israel has an “Iron Dome” missile defense system where incoming rockets are intercepted. That day, Hamas sent 5,000 missiles, and all were not intercepted. The Iron Dome failed. In the most fortified nation in the world, there were 22 breaks in its impregnable wall.
 


“You put a cat on that wall, and several means of protection will come out at once! They have automatic machine gun fire; they have balloons, they have drones, they have weaponry! But none of that was brought to bear on the 7th of October. The truth is there was a stand-down that allowed these things to happen,” Minister Farrakhan stated.

The Muslim leader, whose February 25 message was broadcast via internet worldwide said that Mr. Netanyahu allowed the plans of Hamas to go through with the intention of creating a second “Nakba”—when over 700,000 Palestinians were forcefully displaced in the 1948 creation of Israel. The Minister also said the move was the pretext to force a new reality on Gaza and genocidal actions on the Palestinian people.

“He (Netanyahu) already knew what Hamas was going to do because he sanctioned it,” he said.

In a communication Minister Farrakhan received from his teacher, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad—while being quiet about the war in Gaza—he was shown a picture of Netanyahu and members of the Israeli prime minister’s war cabinet proposing a toast to the Jews who lived outside of the walls that separated Gazans from Israelis.



“In the middle of the night, I received a picture of the prime minister of Israel. A big picture! And he (the Honorable Elijah Muhammad) wanted me to study that man,” Minister Farrakhan said on Feb. 25.

“They were toasting the innocence of Jews that on the 7th of October would be martyred. They were being martyred because he knew their plans, and he used their plans to help Hamas do what it did because he had in his mind a second Nakba,” the Minister continued.

“But Netanyahu had in mind that he was going to use the pain of their loss to destroy the whole Palestinian community, not only in Gaza but the West Bank, East Jerusalem,” he said.

Minister Farrakhan explained that the subsequent war in Gaza was a genocidal attack that Mr. Netanyahu knew would preserve his place as a great Jewish leader.

“People do strange things when their hatred is so great of the people that they are killing; that their intention was to cleanse Gaza of every Palestinian that lived there and cleanse the West Bank and East Jerusalem so that Israel would not be bothered with Palestinians anymore,” Minister Farrakhan reasoned.

The Oct. 7 attack resulted in 1,200 dead and 250 mostly Israelis taken captive. Currently, despite outrage and the Zionist State becoming more isolated globally, there is no foreseeable end of the war that slaughtered a disproportionate 37,000-plus Palestinians. To this day within Israel there has not been an accounting for what happened that night.



“There is a division between the military and the politicians,” said Wafic Faour, a Palestinian rights activist with Vermonters For Palestine.

He told The Final Call there is blame-shifting between the Israeli government, intelligence, military, and a refusal to take responsibility for the outcomes of Oct. 7. The politicians are pointing the finger at the military and the military is blaming the politicians for dismissing the possibility, despite intel saying otherwise. None want to recognize they completely failed that night and in the subsequent war.

None of Israel’s major war goals were achieved, said Mr. Faour. Finishing Hamas, capturing or killing its leaders, freeing all Israeli hostages, and establishing a government alternative to Hamas for Gaza are non-existing. “This is the major failure,” he says. “But as you know, in wars victory has 1,000 fathers, and defeat is an orphan,” Mr. Faour added.

While blame-shifting about Oct. 7 continues, inner rifts over the ongoing war are also showing. In remarks on Israeli television, the IDF spokesman admitted Hamas will not be obliterated, which is one of Israel’s chief aims.

“This business of destroying Hamas, making Hamas disappear—it’s simply throwing sand in the eyes of the public,” Rear Admiral Daniel Hagari, IDF spokesperson, told Israel’s Channel 13 TV on June 19. “Hamas is an idea; Hamas is a party. It’s rooted in the hearts of the people— whoever thinks we can eliminate Hamas is wrong.”

After Mr. Netanyahu’s office expressed ire over the comments, the IDF issued a clarifying statement explaining that Mr. Hagari was referring to the destruction of Hamas as an ideology.

Meanwhile, as finger-pointing and blame shifting about Oct. 7, the emergency coalition government set up to address the war is crumbling. On June 18, Mr. Netanyahu abolished the special war cabinet established after Israel declared war the day after Hamas and others converged into the occupier settlements.

The disbandment came days after Benny Gantz, Mr. Netanyahu’s chief political rival and a former defense minister, quit the six-member cabinet on June 9.

Mr. Gantz grew frustrated with Mr. Netanyahu’s inaction on critical questions like the “day after” the war’s end. In May, Mr. Gantz gave the prime minister a June 8 deadline to produce a formal plan for a post-Hamas Gaza, which never materialized.

People stand outside a mosque destroyed in an Israeli air strike in Khan Younis, Gaza Strip, Sunday, Oct.8, 2023. The Hamas militants broke out of the blockaded Gaza Strip and rampaged through nearby Israeli communities, taking captives, while Israel’s retaliation strikes leveled buildings in Gaza. (AP Photo/Yousef Masoud)

In addition, Mr. Gantz submitted to government a proposal to form a state commission of inquiry into the Oct. 7 situation; Israel’s conduct in the Gaza war it precipitated; and an investigation of the preparation, alertness and readiness of the security and intelligence agencies right before Oct. 7.

Questions have been raised in the media since the early weeks of the war. Mr. Gantz was defense minister when the “Iron Wall” on the border was completed in 2021, and described it as “a creative, technological project of the first order,” that places “a wall of iron, sensors and concrete” between Gaza and residents of southern Israel. However, a wider agenda is playing out to why the war cannot end.

Minister Farrakhan pointed out in his address that Israel now sees billions of dollars of oil wealth under Gaza and they want to build a canal larger than Egypt’s Suez Canal and take advantage of that wealth. And along with the land resource in Gaza is the long-held desire to annex several states in what they want as “Greater Israel,” including Saudi Arabia and Jordan.

“Do you know about that? That man already has over 400 nuclear bombs sitting in the desert in Dimona, Israel, under where my Hebrew Israelite family stayed,” Minister Farrakhan told the capacity audience in Detroit during his message.

“That’s a lot of weapons. And they, now, feel that they are the power in the Middle East, and they are,” stated Minister Farrakhan, explaining what Israel is ultimately after.

Now the world is waking up to the truth of what the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan shared Feb. 25 from what the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad gave to him through what Allah (God) revealed.

To view, hear and study the Saviours’ Day 2024 message by the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan titled, “What Does Allah, The Great Mahdi and The Great Messiah Have To Say About The War In The Middle East?” visit media.noi.org.


From The Final Call Newspaper

Native Americans seek compassionate release for Leonard Peltier

By William P. Muhammad
- June 17, 2024


Indigenous rights activists take part in a rally in support of imprisoned Native American activist Leonard Peltier, at Lafayette Square across from the White House, in Washington, DC, on September 12, 2023. The activists are gathering on Peltier's 79th birthday, calling for clemency after he was convicted for the murder of two FBI agents in 1975, and sentenced to two consecutive life terms in prison. Though Peltier's supporters claim he was wrongly convicted, he has exhausted his appeals and all parole requests have been denied. (Photo by Mandel NGAN / AFP) (Photo by MANDEL NGAN/AFP via Getty Images)


Indigenous rights activists, including Native American elders representing various clans, tribes, and Indian nations, rallied in various locations throughout the country, on June 10, holding prayers and ceremonies for the compassionate release of 79-year-old Leonard Peltier.

Mr. Peltier, a member of the American Indian Movement (AIM), was convicted and sentenced to life in prison after an armed standoff with federal agents turned deadly on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in 1973.

According to his attorneys, documented prosecutorial misconduct, witness intimidation, and the tampering of evidence led to Mr. Peltier’s conviction, making him the longest-serving Native American political prisoner in the country.

Spending nearly 50 years of his life behind bars for the killing of two federal agents, Mr. Peltier is a member of the Turtle Mountain Chippewa tribe and has consistently maintained his innocence. Supporters hope that formerly suppressed evidence and his declining health condition will convince the parole board to let him go home.


“He was born in the height of what’s called The Termination Era, which is a time in history when the United States federal government was attempting to terminate the federal recognition of the sovereignty of Indigenous tribal nations, which to the extent that it happened, was disastrous,” said Attorney Moira Meltzer Cohen, a member of Mr. Peltier’s legal defense team, during a parole hearing update, webcast live over YouTube’s Black Power Media channel.

“There was just unchecked poverty, family separation, language lost, culture lost, the spiritual and traditional practices of Indigenous peoples were criminalized. We have a First Amendment to the Constitution that guarantees the free exercise of religion,” Atty. Meltzer Cohen explained.

Native American and Indigenous activists and supporters of Leonard Peltier gather for a prayer circle in San Francisco on June 10. Photos: Jesus “Frisco Lens” Coba

“But up until the late 70s, it was criminally illegal for Indigenous peoples to practice their ceremonial spirituality or their spiritual ceremonies,” she said of the time and circumstances surrounding Mr. Peltier’s birth and childhood as a Native American.

“People are starting to learn more now about the Indian boarding schools (see The Final Call Vol. 41 No.34), and Mr. Peltier is a survivor of the notoriously brutal Wahpeton boarding school and he was someone who as a young person, protested termination policies, fought for treaty rights, which are the supreme law of the land, fought for the rights of Indigenous people, and joined the American Indian Movement,” Atty. Meltzer Cohen added.

American Indian activist Leonard Peltier speaks during an interview at the U.S. Penitentiary at Leavenworth, Kan., April 29, 1999. Photo: Joe Ledford/The Kansas City Star via AP

“It is not particularly controversial to observe that in the 1970s, civil rights groups like AIM, which engaged in community service, and constitutionally protected activity were subject to unlawful physical and electronic surveillance, propaganda and smear campaigns, infiltration and strategic and internal disruption, and politically motivated prosecution,” Mr. Peltier’s attorney said.

Noting these tactics were not only the allegations of activist groups but also revealed as documented facts uncovered by Congressional investigations, Atty.

Meltzer Cohen added that the tribal government of the Pine Ridge reservation in South Dakota was installed by the federal government and was used to dismantle the folkways, mores and customs of those “not sufficiently assimilationist,” and that those who resisted were often subject to harsh coercive measures.

“This is not something that is just folklore, this is documented in thousands of documents disclosed, pursuant to the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), (and) the FBI’s own documents show that they were materially supporting extreme violence against traditionalist citizens of Pine Ridge, including arming (those) who worked for the tribal president, Dick Wilson, who were known as “the goon squad,’” Atty. Meltzer Cohen explained.

“The tribal president basically had his own private mercenary police force and arms, who was being armed by the FBI and they were involved in organized violence including murders, assassinations, sexual assaults, and firebombing,” Peltier’s lawyer said. “The FBI was not only supplying the goon squads with weapons and ammunition but turning a blind eye to the results and devastation.”



According to local historians and the Peltier legal team, this era of violence and oppression, known in Indian Country as “The Reign of Terror,” is what facilitated the 1973 AIM occupation of Wounded Knee, a hamlet and creek in southwestern South Dakota.

It was also the location of the notorious Wounded Knee massacre where hundreds of Lakota Sioux were gunned down by the United States Army in 1890.

Government misconduct exposed

Explaining that Mr. Peltier and three others were targeted for prosecution based upon what his legal team described as trumped-up charges and extreme official misconduct by those in authority, his attorneys postulate that although there was an exchange of gunfire and that two FBI agents were killed, the arrest, conviction, and subsequent sentencing of Mr. Peltier was based more upon political expediency than upon the merits of the case.

“Mr. Peltier fled to Canada because he knew he was not going to get a fair trial here in the United States and the investigation, the extradition, and his prosecution were all plagued by incredible, shocking, and well-documented government misconduct,” Atty.

Meltzer Cohen contended. Charges were dismissed against one defendant and two others were acquitted on the grounds of self-defense.

According to Peltier’s legal team, official government documents acknowledged the misconduct which included:

• The dissemination of inflammatory and false information to the respective courthouse.




• Fabrication of eye-witness affidavits.

• The use of perjured affidavits to extradite petitioner.

• The use of perjured firearms evidence at his trial.

• Fabrication of ballistics evidence and suppression of proof thereof.

• Fabrication of vehicle evidence and suppression of proof thereof.

• Fabrication of evidence that the petitioner killed the agents and suppression of eye-witness accounts that others were responsible.

• Fabrication of testimony of purported confessions by the petitioner and his codefendants.

• The coercion of children into giving perjured testimony.

• The manipulation of the judge and jury through the climate of fear in the courtroom.

• The government’s plot to kill the petitioner during an escape.

Languishing behind the walls of various federal prisons for nearly five decades, an ailing and infirmed Leonard Peltier continues to suffer from deteriorating health conditions as private associations affiliated with law enforcement organizations continue to lobby the courts and brand Mr. Peltier as a remorseless killer.

“The decades have been characterized by cruelty and neglect and fundamental unfairness,” said Atty. Jenipher Jones, lead counsel of Mr. Peltier’s legal team. Atty. Jones described Mr. Peltier as one dedicated to the principles of his culture and people.

Remaining a cultural icon to many Native Americans, a living martyr to the cause of Indigenous rights, and a humanitarian through his art, supporters said Mr. Peltier encourages Indigenous youth to embrace the knowledge of self as a means for healing, and by dedicating his life to promoting his people’s tribal traditions, cultural identity, and religious practices as a virtue.

“In this near 50 years that Leonard has been incarcerated, the state has dealt with him in a horrific manner,” Atty. Jones said.

This undated photo shows a photo of Leonard Peltier as an older man. Leonard Peltier, photo on flyer, has been incarcerated for 50 years. Photos: Jesus “Frisco Lens” Coba

“He has spent a total of 15 years in solitary confinement, the entire time of his incarceration is marked by medical neglect, which has really come to the fore now that he is (nearly) 80, and pretextual disciplinary actions attempt to silence his voice, in terms of access to the media, that is ongoing to this moment,” she insisted.

Dawn Lawson, personal assistant to Mr. Peltier outside the walls of the United States Penitentiary, Coleman 1 in central Florida, and assistant to his legal team’s lead counsel, told The Final Call that over the decades of his incarceration, Mr. Peltier’s prosecutorial supervisor has come forward and said that they could not prove he committed any crime on that reservation and that a former FBI agent has even come forward to say that no one looked at the role that corrupt authorities played into what the Peltier legal team described as gross injustices.

“The people of Pine Ridge endured three years of being brutalized by their own tribal council who called themselves “the goon squad” and over 60 people were murdered,” Ms. Lawson said of the horrors on the Pine Ridge reservation hidden from public view in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

“The goon squad reported that the FBI had been providing them cash, intelligence, and weapons to kill people. Everything from the beginning has been a constitutional violation,” she said.

“There was a 17-page United Nations report outlining all the illegalities and constitutional violations and the U.S. has not responded; we do not even admit we have political prisoners,” Ms. Lawson insisted.

“Now, at 80 years old, he has an aortic aneurysm; he’s got diabetes; he has degenerative bone disease; he is experiencing the onset of intermittent blindness; he is in excruciating pain; he’s on a walker, and he keeps falling,” she said of the medical neglect continuing to ill-affect him within the prison.

“They gave him a CPAP machine so he can breathe during the night because of sleep apnea, but there’s no electrical outlet to plug it into. They’ve been withholding his medication, sometimes even the insulin, and they took his Tylenol away; he has nothing for pain,” Ms. Lawson continued.

A new generation rises

George Galvis is cofounder and executive director of Communities United for Restorative Youth Justice based in Oakland, California, and a member of the Quechua Nation, an Indigenous people from the Andean region of South America.

He told The Final Call that the plight of Leonard Peltier is felt beyond the borders of the United States and that since he was a teenager, he was mentored by veterans of the American Indian Movement.

“My elders told me that you don’t really know where you’re going unless you know where you’ve been, and for us, culture is our strength, culture is our healing, and culture is our recovery from over this 500 plus years of colonialism, and one form of genocide is ‘culturicide,’” Mr. Galvis said.

“By stripping away our culture and the things that have kept us healthy and strong since time immemorial, stripping us of our identity through violence, assimilation, synthesization, and hegemony, is a way of us becoming lost so we don’t continue to resist as Indigenous people rooted to the land.”



Mr. Galvis and many other Indigenous activists participated in prayers and spiritual ceremonies on what they identify as sacred land originally belonging to the Ramaytush Ohlone, the original inhabitants of the San Francisco Peninsula where the federal courthouse now stands.

Co-organizers of the “Stop the Genocide: Federal Court Appeal” rally and art, build to support plaintiffs in their historic case to charge the U.S. government with complicity in genocide, coincided with the June 10 parole hearing date of Leonard Peltier in Florida, bringing together Native Americans, Palestinian Americans, and other people of goodwill demanding justice and accountability for the oppressed.

Morning Star Gali, the founder and executive director of Indigenous Justice, out of Sacramento, California, shared with The Final Call that she was born during a sunrise ceremony in Oakland’s AIM House in 1979 and that she has been aware of Mr. Peltier’s case her entire life. She said the name given to her at birth was very intentional and that both of her parents were members of AIM.

“I had been born in the ceremony, my family members brought me out, introduced me to the sacred fire within minutes of being born, introduced me to our sacred ceremony, made those prayers and held me in that light of the morning star, and I received my name in that way,” Ms. Gali said.

“I continue to pass on those traditions, all four of my children have names within our traditional language, they all have tribal names, and it’s really a continuation of that prayer, a continuation of the efforts and sacrifices that have been made by our ancestors for us to be here and for our survival today,” Morning Star Gali said.

“I’ve always aligned both my personal and community values and support with freedom for Leonard Peltier. We are working to do everything we can do understanding the ongoing health challenges he’s experiencing in the push for a compassionate release and freedom for all political prisoners.”

The decision on Mr. Peltier’s parole is expected within 21 days of his June 10 hearing.

The Final Call Newspaper thanks Native American elders Lenny Foster, Fred Short, and Wounded Knee whose suggestions and input made coverage of this story possible.





From The Final Call Newspaper

Nations join South Africa’s genocide case against Israel

By Brian E. Muhammad, Staff Writer
- May 20, 2024


Pro-Palestinian demonstrators gather outside Downing Street in London on May 7 to protest the ongoing war in Gaza and Israel’s expected military offensive in Rafah as Israeli forces seized the Rafah border crossing with Egypt. Currently 1.3 million Palestinians are sheltering in the southern city of Rafah having fled fighting in other parts of Gaza raising concerns that a ground invasion would deepen the human- itarian crisis. Photo: Wiktor Szymanowicz/Anadolu via Getty Images


The Gaza Strip has been a corridor of bloodshed and misery for Palestinians. For their brethren in the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem, it has been repressive domination by illegal settler-colonialists.

This is flanked by collective punishment, including targeted killings, destruction of civilian infrastructure like hospitals, houses of worship, and universities, in addition to obstruction of humanitarian aid and starvation as a war tactic. In simpler terms, it’s war crimes and genocide, argue observers and analysts.

As global disdain over the atrocities grows, several nations have filed Declarations of Intervention at the International Criminal Court of Justice (ICJ), which lends support to an active case brought by South Africa charging Israel with genocide.

Since then, Nicaragua, Colombia and Libya joined South Africa’s case against Israel while Egypt and Türkiye pledged to join the case. The lone country that filed in support of Israel was Germany.

Students and activists hold Palestinian flags as they chant slogans during a march from the American University of Beirut to the United Kingdom Embassy, to mark the 76th anniversary of the displacement of Palestinians in 1948, often called the “Nakba,” or Arabic for catastrophe, in Beirut, Wednesday, May 15, 2024. Palestinians across the Middle East on Wednesday are marking the anniversary of their mass expulsion from what is now Israel with protests and other events at a time of mounting concern over the humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza. (AP Photo/Bilal Hussein)

Several other countries and global groups such as the Maldives, African Union, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, and League of Arab States have sent written requests to the Court requesting an “advisory opinion,” on the question of: “the legal consequences arising from the policies and practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem.”

“The submission … comes in light of the worsening severity and scope of Israeli attacks against Palestinian civilians in the Gaza Strip,” said a May 12 statement from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Egypt. South Africa filed its case in December 2023.

The ministry said Egypt acted because of Israel’s continuous perpetration of systematic practices such as “direct targeting of civilians,” the “destruction of infrastructure” and “pushing Palestinians to flee,” said the statement.

Within the same week that Egypt, Libya and Türkiye filed their intervention requests, 450,000 Palestinians fled Rafah in Southern Gaza, and 100,000 more fled northern Gaza as Israel launched new attacks. The displacements exacerbate an already dire situation in the enclave, where rights experts say there is nowhere else to go.

A Declaration of Intervention is a formal statement made by a country expressing its interest in a specific case before the court. Declarations allow countries not directly involved in a dispute to participate by presenting their views and legal arguments.

Located in The Hague, Netherlands, the International Court of Justice, also called the World Court, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations.

An official of the South African government told journalists that it is significant that nations, and particularly Egypt, are joining the legal case against Israel, which generally receives unfettered impunity.

“Egypt joining is important; that you have a major power in the region joining our case is a signal that this institutionalized impunity is coming to an end, at least at a political level,” said Zane Dangor, South Africa’s director-general of the Department of International Relations and Cooperation.

He reasoned that Egypt’s involvement is equally important because it profiles the effort to use institutions of global governance to effect peace in the short and long term, by ending the occupation through negotiations.

“But for all of that to happen, the settler colonial activities and the genocidal actions that accompany that, must end,” explained Mr. Dangor, “and we are hoping that the institutions of global governance will this time be more explicit.” He was referring to a May 15 request by South Africa to the ICJ to clearly call for an end to the war.

The Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan, the National Representative of the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad and the Nation of Islam exhorted signatory nations to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide to stand against the atrocity of the Palestinians.

“To all of you who have signed the Geneva Convention on Genocide, you have to stand, because it’s them today; it’s the Ukrainians, it’s others under powerful rulers,” the Minister said during his annual Saviours’ Day message, “What Does Allah The Great Mahdi And The Great Messiah, Have To Say About The War In The Middle East?” on Feb. 25.

The Muslim leader, echoing warnings of his teacher, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, placed the urgency to act in the context of a time of a universal change, directed by the God of Justice. “The God that I represent? Oh, He wants you to know that He is come to set all the rulers down. He has come to take over the rule of America, of the world, as only God should do,” he said.
 
Presiding judge Nawaf Salam, third from right, opens the hearings at the International Court of Justice, in The Hague, Netherlands, Thursday, May 16, 2024. The U.N.’s top court opened two days of hearings in a case brought by South Africa to see whether Israel needs to take additional measures to alleviate the suffering in war-ravaged Gaza. (AP Photo/Peter Dejong)

Israel must stop its military offensive

By Final Call presstime, the Court was hearing an emergency request by South Africa for additional provisional measures and a modification of previous measures imposed on Israel by the Court. In January, the ICJ ordered Israel to do everything possible to prevent genocide of the Palestinian people and ensure its military commits no acts constituting genocide.

Also, to “prevent and punish” the direct and public incitement of genocide and allow urgently needed humanitarian assistance into Gaza. Israel has violated all the provisional measures. During the hearing, South Africa said an order to completely end the war is necessary, arguing that the obliteration of Rafah means the end of Gaza.

The African nation argued that the provisional measures previously indicated by the Court are not capable of “fully addressing” the changed circumstances and new facts on which this request is founded.

“What we’re asking for is the Court to use its powers to stop this carnage,” said Mr. Dangor.

He argued what is required is for the Court to act unambiguously.

“We do not need the court to provide language that infers what Israel must do,” Mr. Dangor stated. “The court must explicitly state that Israel must stop its genocidal acts in Rafah … in Gaza and that includes an unambiguous call to cease its military operations in Rafah and the whole of Gaza.”

Israel’s conduct has been contemptuous of the Court and international law, South Africa’s lawyers told the Court in opening arguments, on May 16.

South Africa submits that this is “extremely urgent, necessary and essential” in light of the desperate circumstances facing Palestinians in Gaza, and specifically in Rafah, as a result of Israel’s continuing violations of the Genocide Convention and of this Court’s orders.

Egypt’s intervention is added pressure on Israel

Approaching the Court comes as Israel is unabashedly fortifying its offensive in Rafah, the last available area in Gaza where more than 1.5 million people displaced from other destroyed areas sought refuge.

Israel has defiantly ignored global rejection of its air and ground offense, which rights advocates argue will leave catastrophic death in its wake. Many argue carrying out the move—which Israel claims is needed to eradicate Hamas—is evidence of genocidal intent.

Along with condemning blatant infractions of the Genocide Convention and humanitarian law, the countries joining South Africa’s case have their reasons to do so. However, Egypt, say observers and analysts, should be observed more closely, as a nation that borders Israel and has years of deep ties with the Zionist State.

“The Egyptians are very worried about a massive fleeing of refugees into Egypt,” said Phyllis Bennis, director of the New Internationalism Project at the Institute for Policy Studies in Washington, D.C.

“That’s not going to happen as something Palestinians choose. But it’s not impossible that they could be forced into that—even physically, in Rafah,” she said.

Rafah is a small place populated by under 200,000 people on the edge of the Egyptian border. The war forced over 1.5 million people into the area who are being forced to leave again.

Israel forcing Palestinians to flee creates a circumstance where if they return North, there’s nothing left standing: no security, no water, no food, no medicine, and the hospitals have been destroyed with 80 percent of the buildings. “So, there’s not even, like shelter,” said Ms. Bennis.

“Whether people stay there or not, is a big question,” she added. “If they end up going back South, nobody knows what’s going to happen, because there is no place safe in all of Gaza,” said Ms. Bennis.

Egypt’s decision to submit an intervention to the ICJ came days after ceasefire talks in its capitol, Cairo, involving Egypt, Qatar, and the United States collapsed without a deal.

Although Egypt condemns Israel over the war, domestic unrest has placed Egypt in the hot seat over criticism of its handling of the humanitarian aid crises at the Gaza borders and its long relationship with Israel and the U.S.

“If the Israeli soldiers moved from the center of the town, towards the West, where more people have now fled, they could be physically pushing people up against the border fence with Egypt,” Ms. Bennis points out.

Egypt constructed a wall adjoining the border in case there was a mass exodus into Egypt or people pushed that way physically by the Israeli occupier forces.

“That’s the big thing Egypt has been afraid of … they don’t want Hamas people coming in, they don’t want other active militants coming in and they don’t want a big population of refugees that they then have to take care of. They don’t want any of that,” said Ms. Bennis.

In addition, “they don’t want to be accused of being what they have been all these years, which is in bed with the Israelis and the U.S.,” she added.

The Egyptian government largely banned public protests, and criticism of its ties with Israel is highly sensitive, reported the Associated Press. In early April, nearly 200 people rallied outside the building of the Journalist Syndicate in Cairo, waving the Palestinian flag and chanting slogans:

“What a disgrace! Egypt is helping the siege!” and “No to the Israeli Embassy! No to normalization.” They also raised banners reading “Open the Rafah crossing” and “Glory to the Palestinian resistance.”

Critics demanded Egypt overturn a 2007 agreement granting Israel the right to inspect convoys entering Gaza through the Rafah border crossing with Egypt. They say it allowed Israel to stifle the flow of humanitarian aid to Gaza’s 2.3 million Palestinians to a trickle.

Nations boldly pressing for accountability at the World Court further highlight that Israel and the U.S.—its enabling ally—stand as adversaries to colonized and oppressed people worldwide.

While carnage climbs toward 36,000 Palestinian deaths, the Zionist State has offered no clear path of shifting course, except threatening more carnage. As atrocities grow more horrific, Israel is becoming increasingly isolated among world nations.

Chicago police officers keep watch as protesters rally on Fullerton Avenue while crews disassemble the pro-Palestinian encampment in the quad at DePaul University’s Lincoln Park campus in Chicago, Thursday, May 16, 2024. (Ashlee Rezin/Chicago Sun-Times via AP)

The Muslim world should stand stronger

During his Saviours’ Day 2024 message the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan exhorted the Muslim world to stand up for the Palestinian people.

“Do you know that our Palestinian family, they don’t have strong friendship in the Muslim world,” said Minister Farrakhan. “Why is that? Are we Muslims? Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him, said, ‘You are not a Muslim if you don’t want for your brother what you want for yourself,’” the Minister continued.

“Now, I know that the Muslim world feels the pain of the Palestinians, but they are afraid—afraid to stand. And from the rostrum, I am asking the Muslim world to stop fearing the consequence of standing,” said Minister Farrakhan.

“So, I am saying this openly to my brothers and sisters in Islam: You have to stand up against the genocide that is happening to our Palestinian family. They do not need platitudes; they don’t need cheap talk. They need the Muslim world to unite and say to Israel what you should say,” he exhorted.

It’s Israel and more

Taking the Zionist regime to task is bigger than Israel alone, analysts have told The Final Call in interviews.

“People need to be reminded that not only are we dealing with the assault right now in Gaza, but that the Israelis have used their military technology … weapons … training, to back repressive right-wing governments around the world,” Ajamu Baraka of Black Alliance For Peace, told The Final Call in a recent interview. He holds Israeli training of U.S. police forces directly responsible for the enhanced ability of those forces to repress and murder Black people in America.

Minister Farrakhan said what is happening in Palestine has become a test for the whole human family. Along with his teacher, the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad, they forewarned the outcome of America and England depositing Israel in Palestine, causing Palestinians to be exiled.

“This injustice against the Arabs is now costing America the power and authority she once exercised in the East,” said the Honorable Elijah Muhammad in Chapter 40 of his crucial book, “The Fall of America”. “She is on her way out of the Near East,” he wrote, “This means bloodshed, and plenty of it.”

From The Final Call Newspaper

 Farrakhan at 91: Still standing strong

By James G. Muhammad, Contributing Editor
- May 13, 2024





“In the same way, let your light shine before others, so that they may see your good works and give glory to your Father who is in heaven.” — Matthew 5:16


It goes without saying that the word, works and legacy of the Most Honorable Elijah Muhammad would hardly be mentioned in history if not for one man—the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan. Through the Minister, we see the divine work of Elijah, who, in scripture, demonstrated that God—through Elijah’s works—was in the midst of His people.

As the Minister celebrates his 91st birth anniversary, we see in him the presence of God among His people—the once enslaved Black man and woman of America. It is the Minister’s faith in his Father that has taken him to the pinnacle of success in this world, but also has made him the primary target of Satanic forces who are witnessing the word and works of Elijah manifesting in the collapse of their world.

The Honorable Elijah Muhammad spoke of the Minister’s value to him long before he (Elijah) departed. “You are more valuable to me than all the wealth in the earth,” the Father told the son, and also that through the Minister, Elijah would get all of his people.

In that sense, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad was given the hardest task than any man before him, a task he passed to Minister Farrakhan: To raise the dead to life.


A contention Biblical scholars have with Elijah and Farrakhan is the interpretation that “the dead” refers to physical death, as expressed when Elijah raised a child and Jesus raised Lazarus. The Honorable Elijah Muhammad said it refers to mental and spiritual death, a condition of the masses.

When Minister Farrakhan realized he had departed from his teacher, he reawakened with the help of Minister Jabril Muhammad, in September 1977 and went to work to revive the Teachings. He crisscrossed America, establishing small circles of people in study groups who read the books of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad as a foundation of their faith.

In that way, he was manifesting a seed that the Honorable Elijah Muhammad planted in him: “You know, when a seed germinates in the earth, it sends a root down before it sends a chute up,” the Messenger told him.

He Lives!

In 1981, Minister Farrakhan emerged with the first Saviours’ Day convention since the Honorable Elijah Muhammad’s departure. Drawing thousands to Chicago, Minister Farrakhan proclaimed to the world that “Elijah Lives”—physically!

Holy Day of Atonement, 2017

That declaration made the Minister a target among those who wanted to erase the Messenger’s name from history. But it didn’t deter his servant. The Minister went to work establishing friends—among them the Black Patrolman’s League in Chicago—officers who would protect him until he got a firm footing and the Fruit of Islam (men in the N.O.I.) could be established..

For the next 30 years, Min. Farrakhan continued to address growing audiences, reawakening the spirit of God in the people through teaching the knowledge of Self. He also set his eyes on repurchasing, rehabilitating, and rededicating lost N.O.I. properties, including the mosque and the homes of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad—and he was successful.

Unlike leaders who are out for personal fortune, Minister Farrakhan invested his personal money to establish The Final Call newspaper and to purchase the Final Call Administration Building before allowing his followers to help raise money to purchase other facilities. He poured honorariums he received for speeches back into the work of the N.O.I.

His national speaking tours included such subjects as “Politics without economics is symbol without substance,” during which he introduced Nation of Islam produced P.O.W.E.R. personal care products. He called for Blacks to own businesses to develop their communities without dependency on others.

Another tour was titled “Stop the Killing,” which called for peace—particularly among so-called youth gangs. His efforts were successful in quelling feuds and saving lives. His works resulted in several meetings, bringing warring factions into the same room and calling on hip-hop artists to produce more conscious-raising lyrics in their songs.

The Nation of Islam is historically known for its militant stance and economic thrust in owning its businesses and farms to produce healthy food for Black communities. In the mid-80s, Minister Farrakhan introduced the first study guide in his now 21-part series, “Self-improvement: The Basis for Community Development.”

The N.O.I. fell with the departure of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad. In rebuilding the Nation, Minister Farrakhan works to establish a strong spiritual foundation to complement the militancy needed to secure the institutions developed so the N.O.I. would never fall again.

Leading up to the historic 1995 Million Man March, Min. Farrakhan embarked on a year-long “Men Only” tour, discussing our failures as men and calling us to recommit ourselves to God, our families, and our communities.

Those gatherings and the inspirational messages resulted in the overwhelmingly successful 1995 Million Man March, where two million men heard messages from national male and female leadership on atonement, reconciliation, and responsibility.


The Million Man March, 1995





The Power of Farrakhan’s enemies

It is said that you can judge a man by the power of his enemies. Minister Farrakhan, throughout his 69 years as a member of the N.O.I., has stood to defend every Black leader who was set upon by the enemy of Black people. Yet, when he wanted to deposit $5 million in a Black-owned bank, some forces encouraged that banker to tell Minister Farrakhan to take the money out.

When the Minister was invited to speak at the 30th anniversary of the March on Washington, the conveners of that meeting— some of whom Minister Farrakhan personally defended in attacks against them—were forced to “disinvite” the Minister.

The question Black people must ask and answer is: Who is this force that has power over Black leadership to dictate who their friends are? And what must our community do with regard to these powers?

Demonstrating the activity of a “free Black man,” Minister Farrakhan has embarked on numerous world tours, seeking to make friends for Black America throughout Africa and the Islamic world. He has even traveled to “sanctioned” countries to demonstrate what freedom indeed looks like.

A legacy of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad is one of a Messenger from Allah (God) to resurrect the Black man and woman of America along with a consequential warning from Allah (God) to the Government of dire circumstances for rejecting the warning.

An ongoing legacy of Minister Farrakhan is one of Grace and a continued and expanded warning in a final effort to redeem a people—Black America and the human family—and offer a chance for America and nations of the world to delay the judgment of Allah (God).

In 2013 and over the course of a year, the Minister released a series of lectures titled “The Time and What Must Be Done.” The series sums up the works and messages of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad, offering further insight and explanation of the teachings, how they relate to current events, and further warning.

His message of warning intensifies

In recent years, the message of warning has intensified. The Minister’s 2020 Saviours’ Day message was titled “The Unraveling of a Great Nation.” The Minister pointed out America’s wickedness and the nation’s further erosion by acts of those in power who are inciting violence and anarchy.

That same year, as COVID-19 gripped America, the Minister pointed out that the virus is a pestilence from God. His voice against the COVID-19 vaccine influenced thousands to refuse the treatment. The Minister warned that the vaccine was “death itself.” The COVID vaccine has been shown to be injurious and in some cases deadly.

The Million Family March, 2000

Many anticipated a retirement announcement when Min. Farrakhan disclosed his 2022 Saviours’ Day message as the “Swan Song.” Instead, he announced that it was the Swan Song for the enemies of God and those who choose to continue in unrighteous ways.

The dreaded “War of Armageddon Has Begun” was the Minister’s theme for his 2023 Saviours’ Day address. He pointed out that the war to end all wars is active and that God’s wrath will continue to plague America and the world through increased natural calamities.

If there is a lynchpin for war to be pulled, it may be the current genocide in Gaza as the Zionist state of Israel seeks to annihilate Palestinians under the pretext of going after the territory’s ruling party, Hamas. The Saviours’ Day 2024 message titled “What Does Allah the Great Mahdi and Great Messiah Have to Say About the War in the Middle East?”

painted Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu as being given the “heart of a beast” because he knew of the planned Oct. 7 attack by Hamas on Jewish settlers but allowed their deaths to occur anyway.

“But when you see Jerusalem surrounded by armies, then know that its desolation is near.” Is this the beginning of that conflict that will draw America and world powers into that final war?

Through Elijah’s witness, Son and Servant, Minister Farrakhan, America and the world have been warned. At 91 years of age, that warner still stands strong.

Happy birth anniversary, Minister Farrakhan!

From The Final Call Newspaper

Brown v. Board of Education, 70 years later

By Nisa Islam Muhammad, Staff Writer
- April 29, 2024





In 1940 the cost of a stamp was three cents, the first Social Security checks were paid, the Cincinnati Reds won the World Series, and psychologists Drs. Kenneth and Mamie Clark conducted a “doll study” with disturbing results. Their study, with children ages three to seven, used four dolls, identical except for color, to test children’s racial perceptions.




The majority of children expressed a preference for the White doll and attributed positive traits to it. The Clarks, a husband and wife team, concluded that “prejudice, discrimination, and segregation” created a sense of inferiority among Black children, which negatively impacted their self-esteem.

Fast forward 14 years later and Dr. Kenneth Clark was called to testify in the landmark Brown v. Board of Education case before the Supreme Court argued by Attorney Thurgood Marshall, who led the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. The Supreme Court cited Dr. Clark’s 1950 paper in its Brown decision,

“To separate [African-American children] from others of similar age and qualifications solely because of their race generates a feeling of inferiority as to their status in the community that may affect their hearts and minds in a way unlikely ever to be undone.”


While true, it was only part of the research. Dr. Clark was concerned the court failed to cite two other conclusions he had reached: that racism was an inherently American institution, and that school segregation inhibited the development of White children, too.

“The court’s resolve to put Black children in White schools is the major affront to the Brown v. Board of Education findings,” Dr. Kevin Washington, past national president of the Association of Black Psychologists, told The Final Call. “The resolution has never been addressed adequately.
FILE–Pictured left to right are: Gloria Ray, Terrance Roberts, Melba Pattillo, Jefferson Thomas, Carlotta Walls, Thelma Mothershed, Minnijean Brown, Elizabeth Eckford, and Ernest Green. These are the nine students who entered Little Rock Central High under the protection of federal troops with bayonets in 1957 when Gov. Orval E. Faubus tried to block enforcement of the Supreme Court’s 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education decision outlawing school segregation and directed the Arkansas National Guard to keep the students from enrolling at the all-white Central High. President Eisenhower responded by sending in members of the Army’s 101st Airborne Division to escort the students into the school on Sept. 25, 1957. (AP Photo/File)

That is what has created the inequitable treatment of Blacks. Recurrent attacks on curricula, and book banning is a throwback to what was actually occurring at that time. Where the message was of inferiority, of Blackness or anything that began to promote something differently was challenged,” he said.


George E.C. Hayes, from left, Thurgood Marshall and James M. Nabrit join hands as they pose outside the Supreme Court in Washington on May 17, 1954. The three lawyers led the fight for abolition of segregation in public schools before the Supreme Court, which ruled that segregation is unconstitutional. (AP Photo, File)

“After 70 years we find ourselves in the position of still having identity confusion. We’ve had some educators to come with strong educational models. However, it’s always been an attack on the system. The Brown verdict, simply putting Black children in White schools, was not the resolution.

The real victory comes when the curricula shifts and the content is affirming to Black children in all walks of life. They can see themselves as being powerful as agents of change, and that they are purveyors of their own destiny.”

Dr. Washington added, “That’s a major issue when we talk about the Brown v. Board of Education. The principle that it was founded upon was flawed, that the environment Black students were in was inherently inferior. Instead of seeing the conditions Black students were experiencing as detrimental, to the identity development and formation of Black and Brown children.”

Black-on-Black Education

Once upon a time Black children were taught exclusively by Black teachers. Then came the May 1954 Supreme Court Case Brown v. Board of Education which allowed Black children to go to White schools. Research by Dr. Leslie T. Fenwick in “The Ugly Backlash to Brown v. Board of Ed That No One Talks About,”shows that 100,000 highly qualified Black principals and teachers were summarily fired.

White superintendents, school boards, and parents did not want Black teachers in their children’s classrooms. Neither did they want Black principals leading schools and supervising White teachers.

Fast forward to 2024. Black children going to school with White children has failed to provide Black families with thriving, well-resourced educational environments, relevant curriculum, safety and freedom from White supremacy.

Nearly 80 percent of public school teachers are White while more than half of public schools are filled with non-White children. However, studies show that Black teachers produce better academic and behavioral outcomes for Black students compared to their White counterparts.

The significance of having a Black teacher goes back to Philadelphia’s Caroline LeCount in the 1800s who said, “colored children should be taught by their own.”

 
In this Thursday, Nov. 7, 2019, photo, Jade Gopie, second from left, principal at Crosby High School, left, watches students as they pass between classes in Waterbury, Conn. While students in the Waterbury public school district are predominantly black and Hispanic, the vast majority of its educators, as in school districts across the country, are white. (AP Photo/Jessica Hill)

University of North Carolina research found that having a Black teacher has positive effects—higher educational attainment and lower rates of discipline—for Black students, with the strongest effect often among Black males from low-income households.

Their research found the benefits of having a Black teacher are so important that students who had a single Black teacher were more likely to go to college, more likely to graduate high school, and less likely to drop out. Black boys in poverty, who had a single Black teacher, were up to 39 percent less likely to drop out and 29 percent more likely to enroll in college.

Black educators have mixed feelings about Brown v. Board of Education. “I definitely think it has helped students, having Black students having access to institutions that were predominantly White.

I also think on the same accord, that going to a predominantly White school doesn’t necessarily prepare you more than going to an all-Black school. I think it comes down to resources and having an adequate surplus of resources,” Middle School Math teacher Ashley Cobb told The Final Call.

“Some of us learn in ways in which we want to be active. My first year teaching was at a Freedom School. There’s no predominantly White institution that can replicate a Freedom School.

I also think in reverse or in opposition of Brown, that some White students will benefit from going to predominantly Black institutions, which I’m seeing more of now.”

Cashawn Merritt is a high school math teacher. She told The Final Call, “I think it (Brown) was helpful to a degree because it gave Black people access to resources that weren’t available to them.

Even though we were educating our own prior to that decision, we didn’t necessarily have upgraded materials. We didn’t have the best resources at our disposal. I think with busing and all the other legislations that passed, it allowed opportunity for children who might not have had it otherwise.”




A major concern for parents is the high rate of suspension and expulsions for Black children in America’s public schools. Research by the Department of Education Office of Civil Rights on school suspension, and expulsions found that Black boys make up nearly eight percent of public school enrollment but were 25 percent of the boys with out-of-school suspensions and 26 percent of expulsions.

Black girls were eight percent of enrollment but 14 percent of the girls with out-of-school suspensions and 12 percent of expulsions. Black children in public schools also face increased school-based arrests.

“Black students who have Black teachers are less likely to be disciplined unfairly, and over-policed,” middle school special education teacher Simon Miller told The Final Call.

“They are less likely to be suspended, expelled, or even referred for disciplinary issues. Black teachers are also more likely to push Black students into more rigorous classes like AP and International Baccalaureate programs.

Brown v. Board of Education put Black children in the bull’s eye for non-Black teachers. A study by the Upjohn Institute found that non-Black teachers of Black students have significantly lower expectations than do Black teachers. These effects are larger for Black male students and math teachers.

White teachers were less likely than Black ones to predict that their Black students would go on to graduate from college. Research has also found that on average, Black students have lower test scores than White students, they attend schools with fewer resources, and they are less likely to graduate from high school and college.

Elementary school teacher Tiffany Harrell is concerned states are not following the mandates of Brown. She told The Final Call, “I feel like a lot of states are not following and abiding by the law.

What I mean by that is you still have a lot of city schools who are less fortunate, don’t have the proper textbooks, don’t have the proper technology, and they aren’t offered the same type of courses.”

“If you go to predominantly White suburbs you’ll get all the technology you need, you’ll get so much funding because of the parents. They offer more as far as like AP (advanced placement) classes, than for example the predominantly Black schools … lots of southern states are trying to get rid of a lot of AP classes for African Americans as well as, African American Studies.”

A better, more positive outlook

Dr. Washington explained that having Black teachers is even more valuable to the way a student holds themselves in class. Seeing Black teachers tells students they have value, they have worth, and brilliance that can be seen. Black teachers can see the potentiality of students throughout the entire process and they work hard to bring that out.




Therefore, students feel that they are connected in the context of education. Further, it is doing its true purpose, which is to bring out the existing high potential rather than simply the transmission of information.

“When we talk about education, we know that it does three things for them. It gives them a sense of identity. That is, it tells them who they are and how they have value and worth in the world. It gives them the idea of potentiality, what they can become because they see an educator looking like them.

Then they can also be able to understand what they can become. The third issue is that typically the educator will be able to educate in a culturally relevant perspective.”

When the Nation of Islam started in the 1930s, the followers were instructed to take their children out of the public school system and educate them at home. In 1931, a truant officer knocked on the door of the Honorable Elijah Muhammad and his wife Clara.

The officer demanded that they send their children back to the Detroit Public Schools. They, as well as other Muslim families, refused.

In 1934, the Honorable Elijah Muhammad and 18 instructors at the University of Islam were found not guilty of contributing to the delinquency of minors. However, Muslim families paid a high price back then to educate their own children.

In his book, “A Torchlight for America,” the Honorable Minister Louis Farrakhan explained that the true purpose of education should be the proper cultivation of the gifts and talents of the individual through the acquisition of knowledge.

“We need our own teachers because we need those with a like mind, a desire to give children what they need,” Shahid Muhammad, a math teacher at Chicago’s Muhammad University of Islam, told The Final Call. “Black teachers understand their learning styles. You have a better chance of that teacher having a love for the students, and a desire to see the students excel.

“The enemy’s school system is centered around White supremacy. Many European teachers don’t see Black students in the right light. They don’t see them as having the ability to excel because of White supremacy, racism and a racist mind. When Black children are in the classroom with Black teachers, they tend to have a better outlook, a more positive outlook of their own students.”